1. Overview of silage corn production at home and abroad Silage corn is a special breed used to make silage. It is characterized by tall plants, luxuriant stems and leaves, and high nutrient content. The yield per hectare is between 50,000 and 60,000 kilograms. In many countries in Europe and the United States, corn silage has long been a fortified feed for beef cattle fattening. U.S. silage maize area has reached 3.55 million hectares, accounting for more than 12% of the corn planting area. The area of ​​French silage maize planting has exceeded 1.44 million hectares, accounting for more than 80% of the sown area of ​​corn. Among the 286,000 farms nationwide, 36% of the farms produce corn silage. Hungary produces 7 million tons of silage each year, of which more than 85% is corn silage. 80% of Russia's silage is processed from corn. In the diet of roughage and juicy feed, corn silage accounts for 40% of feed units. Silage corn is not only widely used in countries with colder winter weather, but also welcomed in warmer countries such as Western Europe and Northern Europe. The area of ​​Italian silage corn has grown to 500,000 hectares. It produces 15 million tons of green feed annually, which accounts for 18% of all feeds. The land used for planting silage corn in the Netherlands has reached 17.7 hectares, accounting for more than 30% of the total amount of various types of feed. Japan's dairy and beef cattle farming industry used to be dominated by green fodder. In recent years, it has gradually changed into the use of silage all year round. The main reason is that the yield of silage corn is high and the land utilization rate is increased. The annual output of corn silage reaches 6.3 million tons, followed by the whole The steady and balanced supply of feed and nutrients during the year is conducive to the increase in production of livestock products. The silage corn has a high degree of mechanization, centralized modulation, and feeding all year round, which greatly reduces feed costs and improves the economic benefits of the cattle industry. In 1954, China developed the use of straw harvested from corn kernels for green (yellow) storage and promoted it in large areas in the “Three North†region of the country, which played an important role in promoting the development of herbivorous livestock in China. Silage corn has been planted in state-owned breeding farms, dairy farms and sheep farms for many years and has become an indispensable feed for winter and spring livestock. In recent years, with the improvement of the food situation in China, many cattle and sheep breeding households have also planted corn to produce whole plant corn silage. 2. Silage maize cultivation techniques (1) Selection of high-yielding silage corn varieties for use in the production of silage corn varieties or hybrids There are Longmu 3, Jiqing 7, Jidan 4011, Baihe, Koto 4 and Kodo 8 Wait. The yield of these varieties is more than 50,000 to 60,000 kilograms per hectare. In particular, the hybrid green-feeding corn variety of Kodo No. 8 has yields of more than 75,000 kg/ha in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shandong. It has good yield and resistance, and it does not require high soil conditions. Various types of cultivated land can be planted. (2) Proper close planting, adequate planting and feeding The majority of plants of green-breeding corn are tall, with lush stems and leaves, often with tillers, but they mainly harvest vegetative bodies. Therefore, to obtain high yields, close attention should be paid to close planting. Generally, more than 60000 plants per hectare are better. In order to ensure sufficient growth, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied and 50 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per hectare. Top dressing should also be timely and light before and after. (3) Harvesting in proper period to ensure the quality of silage According to the research, suitable harvesting period of silage corn is harvested in the three stages of grain milk ripening, milk ripening to wax ripening and wax ripening, and silage is prepared according to the same method. The result shows that silage The suitable harvest period for corn is the wax ripening period.
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