Fruit tree dormancy management technology

After the winter fruit trees fall into the dormancy period, they are the dormant period of the fruit trees before the budding of the following year. Doing a good job in the management of dormancy during the winter and the spring of the next year will affect the strength of the tree in the coming year, the quantity and quality of the results, and the hazards of wintering diseases and insect pests. The specific management techniques are as follows: First, Tubai White areas in Inner Mongolia are cold in winter and the trees are prone to Sunburn. After the fruit trees are whitened, the direct sunlight heat can refract part of them. The tree temperature changes steadily, which can reduce the risk of sunburn, freezing injury and night frost, and can kill overwintering pests and germs in the bark. Therefore, whitening is performed before the soil is frozen after the deciduous fruit trees. The white painted parts are mainly trunks, and the young trees and incomplete tree crowns, the southern part of the diseased tree trunks and the tree branches are painted again. Do not whiten the entire tree to prevent burning. Second, update the old orchards to pay close attention to the time after the thawing of the soil in the late autumn and early winter and early spring, and excavate the old varieties and old trees with bad quality and severe disease. In Inner Mongolia, special soils can be replanted after spring soil thawing and before seedling germination. III. Irrigation of winter water and close attention to chilling injury To prevent winter drought in the orchards, freeze and seal the frozen water before the soil is frozen in winter to improve the cold-resistant overwintering ability of the fruit trees. In late October to early November, about 10 days before the onset of severe cold, when the local surface appears to be frozen and dying, the frozen water is irrigated. Due to the relatively cold winters in recent years, it is important to pay close attention to the damages in the deep winter and timely emergency defense. Conditional orchards can create shelterbelts and windbreaks to prevent cold damage. Fourth, winter shear With the advancement of science and technology, in the annual cycle of fruit trees, all seasons can be pruned, but it is still important winter cut. In Inner Mongolia, pruning is usually done before the budding of fruit trees in spring. According to the growth and development characteristics of different tree species, the desired tree shape is cultivated by pruning so that the branches can reach a reasonable division of labor and a certain proportion of results and development branches can be formed each year. It is conducive to the quality and yield of strong trees. The main methods of winter pruning are thinning, short cutting, retracting, cutting, opening angles and throwing. In order to promote flowering. During winter cutting, long-distance, short stubs, broken buds, and thinning should be adopted. The effect in the coming year is obvious. Long-term release can ease the growth of branches, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation, and form fruiting branches. Strong branches stay short and stubble, short stubble are left on the axillary buds, the new shoots sent out short, stop growing early is conducive to nutrient accumulation, the formation of flower buds. The roof of the roof is cut off or the buds are broken, and several short branches with similar growth forces are drawn under the clipping to help form short fruit branches. Sparse branches, overlapping branches, and clustered branches can improve ventilation and light transmission, increase the accumulation of nutrients, and promote flower buds. Develop strong branches to stay weak, straight to stay oblique, and trim off the remaining branches and renew the branches. When pruning fruit trees, be sure to handle the wounds. When sawing the branches, the mouth must be sawed. The piles should be kept flat. Do not leave the piles. To prevent chapping, cut the surface with a sharp knife after cutting the branches. The door with a diameter of 1 cm or more must be painted immediately. Protective agent. V. Qingyuan disinfection Many pests such as apple borers, pear borer, etc. are overwintering in bark cracks. Diseases such as rot and dry rot are accumulated in litter in autumn. Therefore, in combination with the winter cutting, the pests on the trees and the ground are removed, the dead branches, fallen leaves, stagnation fruits, and weeds in the garden are concentrated and burned or buried deeply. In the late autumn and early winter, it is advisable to scrape rough skin from late December to next February. At this time, the pests can be eliminated during the overwintering and initial stages and can enhance the tree vigor. In high-cold areas, early scratching of rough skin trees is prone to frost damage. It is also not conducive to overwintering of natural enemy insects. It is better to scrape rough skin in the late spring. After scraping the rot, the wound was immediately coated with Baume 5 degree lime sulfur or 50 times fluid of bacteria to protect the wound. 6. To deep-fall an orchard that does not have a fall in the fall, it is necessary to focus on the labor force and carry out deep plowing or ploughing after the clearing of the garden. Turn pests, eggs, cockroaches, cockroaches, and germs to the ground and freeze them to death or eat them by natural enemies. , or turning into the soil can not be harmed in the following year. In orchards in arid areas, deep-turning and soil-protecting in late autumn or early winter can be done in a timely manner to deepen the distribution layer of the root system, increase the water-holding capacity and water absorption capacity of the soil, increase the initial stage of soil thawing, and promptly thawed the surface. The soil layer is lightly scabbed and then pressed with the earthworms to increase the soil's ability to keep earth. 7. Apply the base fertilizer to the orchard without basal fertilizer in autumn, according to the yield, tree potential, combined with winter deep turning to apply organic fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is generally based on Mushi 10000 kg farmyard fertilizer, with a certain amount of urea, superphosphate or diammonium, easy to obtain a good effect of strong trees, high yield and high quality. Early application of organic fertilizer is good, and in the irrigated areas, orchards that have not yet been fertilized in the fall, the fertilizer should be applied in combination with irrigation winter water. Eight, spraying pesticides to prevent pests and fruit trees before germination in the early spring, after the winter shearing and clearing the park, the whole garden will be evenly and thoroughly sprayed with Bami 3-5 degree lime sulfur, so that the trees will be washed to kill residues in the trees. On the pest. It can prevent diseases such as rot and red spider and other insect pests. In the event of wintering pests outbreaks, spraying is controlled according to the types of pests in the garden.

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