Lettuce, or stem lettuce, is a biennial vegetable of the genus Asteraceae. It mainly eats fleshy stems, raw food, salad, fried food, dried or pickled. Young leaves are also edible. Stems and leaves contain lettuce, bitter taste, and have analgesic effects. The adaptability of lettuce is strong. It can be cultivated in spring (winter) and in autumn, and it is mainly cultivated in spring. First, the characteristics of species characteristics 1, white fur. Also known as duck head, the famous local breed in Nanjing, the plant is semi-upright, the plant height is 45.4 cm, the degree of development is 45.8 cm, the leaves are long and oval, and the apex is pointed. The leaves are light green, with leaf shrinkage, short conical stems, and longitudinal cracks on the outer skin of the stem. The stem is 25 cm long and the lateral diameter is 5.4 cm. The bark and flesh are both greenish-white, with a single stem mass of 250 g. Precocious, resistant to downy mildew, strong aroma, less fiber, good quality. 2, purple skin incense. The famous local varieties of Nanjing, plant half-upright, plant height 42.2 cm, degree of development 40.8 cm, leaves broadly lanceolate, blunt tip. Leaves wavy, blue-green leaves, purple halo or full purple. Foliage shrivelled, stem long conical, stem length 23 cm, transverse diameter 4.7 cm, bark green with purple stripes, meat blue, single stem mass 320 grams, medium and late maturity, resistance to downy mildew, crisp meat, water , good quality, high yield. 3, green skin smelly. Also known as Zhu Yuqing, a famous local breed in Nanjing, the plants are semi-upright, with a plant height of 45.8 cm and a degree of development of 41.6 cm. Leaves broadly lanceolate, leaf margin undulate, leaf blade green, leaf slightly shrinking, waxy. The stem is long conical, with a stem length of 36.3 cm and a horizontal diameter of 4.6 cm. The bark and the meat are blue, with a single stem mass of 320 grams. Late-maturing, resistant to downy mildew, more skin fibers, dense and brittle meat, less water, and more for the processing of pickles. Second, the cultivation season 3 lettuce varieties require cool climatic conditions, stem and leaf growth temperature 11-18 °C, intolerant of cold, large plants often suffer freezing damage winter, must be harvested before the frost, or planting survived seedlings winter . It is easy to twitch in long days and high temperatures. Therefore, it is advisable to sow spring lettuce cultivation in open fields in Nanjing in early October, plant vegetation in late November-December, and harvest in early April and early June. For autumn lettuce cultivation should be sown in mid-August, planted in mid-September, harvested in early October to late November. Third, the main technical measures for spring lettuce cultivation 1, sowing nursery. Before and after the cold season in Nanjing, sowing should be sown early or late. When the winter is over, the seedlings are too large or too small to be susceptible to freezing. The seeding rate per acre seedbed is 0.5-0.8 kg. Cultivation requires 25 grams of seed per acre. After sowing, it is lightly chopped for 1 time, and the seed dung is repelled and poured. Before the emergence of the bed soil to keep moist, Qimiao after pouring manure 2-3 times, the amount of each watering seedlings should be sufficient and the number should not be too much. Stop pouring for several days before planting and exercise seedlings. Seedlings were seedlings once in 7 days after seedlings, the distance between the plants was 3 cm, and 4-5 leaves were planted. 2, site preparation Shiji Fei. Most of the lateral roots occur after asparagus planting, shallow and dense, mainly distributed in the soil layer of 20-30 cm, it should be fertile, fat, water-holding clay loam soil or sandy loam soil cultivation. Deep plowing 2 times, 20 cm deep. Each mu of cooked manure, compost 2,000 kg for the base fertilizer, after the cultivating smashed into a deep ditch sorghum. 3, colonization. It is generally settled in small snows and heavy snows, and it can be delayed until the beginning of spring. Plant spacing 25 cm 27 cm, early mating species, late maturing species. 4, field management. To ensure that the whole seedling is one of the keys to the high yield of spring lettuce, it is necessary to strengthen field management after planting and pay attention to freezing and seedling protection. (1) In the early stage of irrigation, the water requirement is not high. After the live tree, it should be watered when the weather is warm. After the beginning of spring, the lettuce is constantly enlarged and the water supply is sufficient. (2) Dressing: After planting a living plant, light fertilizer is chased 1 times, and heavy fertilizer is applied 1 time before freezing. Afterwards, top dressing may be performed according to needs. When soil tide is applied, dressing is easy. Dressing can not be too late, the amount of fertilizer each time should not be too large to prevent cracking of fleshy stems. (3) Cultivated weeding: 1-2 times of cultivating and weeding before mulching. (4) Topping: For late-maturing processing varieties, when the height of the plant is about 40 cm, the top will be removed to promote lettuce hypertrophy. 5, harvest. The tip of the main stem and the tip of the tallest leaf are usually suitable for harvesting. The early harvest yield is low, and if it is too late, the stems will elongate, the fibers will increase, the fleshy stems will become hard and even hollow, and the quality will be poor. Early asparagus lettuce is listed before and after Gu Yu, and is usually supplied to the market before and after the start of summer. The rich period starts at the beginning of summer and reaches the small full, and can be extended to Mangshi at the latest. Early asparagus yield 1000 kg per mu, the highest up to 1500 kg; processing production of 2000-2500 kg per mu yield of green skin smell.
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